Pygmy Nuthatches are small songbirds that breed in coniferous forests across western North America from April to July. They are commonly found in mature coniferous forests, particularly in areas with abundant pine, spruce, and fir trees, where insects and pine seeds are abundant during the breeding season.
Pygmy Nuthatches forage in coniferous trees, using their sharp bills to pry open cones and extract seeds. They also glean beetles, caterpillars, and spiders from bark and crevices. They are agile climbers, able to move nimbly on tree trunks and branches, often seen moving headfirst down tree trunks.
Males perform courtship calls and displays to attract females, including flying displays and vocalizations.
Both females and males may excavate cavities or claim natural or abandoned cavities in dead or decaying coniferous trees, typically at heights ranging from 2 to 20 meters above the ground. Nests within the cavities are made with bark strips, grasses, feathers, and fur.
Pygmy Nuthatches may use bird houses with entrance holes of about 1.25 inches in diameter, although they prefer natural cavities. Bird houses should be mounted on trees in coniferous forests. See Pygmy Nuthatch Birdhouse Plans.
Egg laying occurs from May to July, with females laying 5 to 9 white eggs with brown speckles. Incubation lasts about 12 to 14 days, primarily by the female, while the male brings food to the nest.
Chicks hatch blind and naked, requiring constant care and feeding by both parents. Their diet initially consists of insects and small seeds brought by the adults.
Chicks learn to forage and hunt under adult guidance, developing skills in extracting seeds from cones and searching for insects on bark.
Pygmy Nuthatches are non-migratory birds, typically staying in their breeding areas year-round. They may move to lower elevations in winter but generally remain in coniferous forests.
